Dunia Menulis Kreatif yang Semakin Luas

Oleh Much. Khoiri

Ada sesuatu yang patut saya kemukakan sebagai refleksi kopdar Sahabat Pena Kita kali ini, yakni bahwa menulis kreatif (creative writing) sudah berkembang semakin luas dan beragam—berkembang dari cakupan ranah sebelumnya.

Sekitar dua dasa warna silam, menulis kreatif dipandang hanya mencakup tulisan-tulisan bergenre sastra, yang meliputi prosa (cerpen, novelet, novel), puisi, dan drama. Ada pula yang menempatkan esai/prosa kreatif pada posisi tulisan kreatif, sebagaimana yang ditemukan pada esai-esai kreatif dalam sastra.

Mengetik (drafting) itu hanya proses final menulis. Foto: Ifrance Pro.

Dengan demikian, dulu penulis kreatif seakan hanya menjadi dunia pada cerpenis, novelis, penyair, dramawan, dan esais (prosais) kreatif. Penulis di luar mereka bukanlah penulis kreatif, melainkan ‘penulis’ begitu saja—lazim disesuaikan genre tulisan yang ditekuninya: misalnya penulis opini, kolom, resensi, dan sebagainya.

Kemudian dunia jurnalistik berkembang pesat dan demikian pula dunia penulisan sastra, dan hal ini ikut memberikan warna bagi dunia menulis kreatif. Akhirnya, ada perkembangan menarik, yakni bahwa menulis kreatif mencakup bukan hanya menulis sastra, melainkan juga menulis catatan perjalanan (travel writing) dan jurnalisme sastrawi (literary journalism), serta genre-genre baru belakangan ini.

Untuk penulisan karya sastra dan esai kreatif, saya tidak akan membeberkannya di sini. Hal ini sudah sering disampaikan oleh penulis lain di berbagai media dan kesempatan. Sebaliknya, saya hanya ingin menyinggung tentang catatan perjalanan, jurnalisme sastrawi, dan genre-genre baru tersebut.

Pertama, catatan perjalanan (travel writing). Tulisan bergenre catatan perjalanan adalah tulisan tentang tempat, orang, dan benda-benda di tempat lain—juga tulisan tentang cara bepergian, kapan harus bepergian, dan saran bepergian—semuanya dengan mempertimbangkan pembaca. Tulisan harus informatif dan menarik bagi pembaca, agar pembaca benar-benar mengikutinya.

Dengan kalimat lain, catatan perjalanan ini tulisan kreatif tentang menyampaikan pengalaman perjalanan Anda sendiri kepada orang lain sehingga mereka dapat menirunya atau setidaknya tidak melakukan kesalahan yang sama seperti yang Anda lakukan. Gaya tulisan lincah dan komunikatif, bahkan lebih bagus dilengkapi dengan diksi-diksi sastra atau jurnalistik.

Kalau kita mengikuti tulisan-tulisan Dahlan Iskan atau Gol A Gong, banyak di antaranya yang merupakan tulisan catatan perjalanan. Tulisan-tulisan mereka disajikan dengan kemasan yang sangat menarik, mengalir, mendeskripsikan detil-detil yang dipentingkan, sehingga pembaca seakan diajak untuk mengikuti perjalanan mereka. Melibatkan emosi pembaca menjadi kekuatan tulisan mereka. Sekali lagi, bahasanya lincah dan komunikatif.

Jika Anda ingin menelusuri lebih lanjut tentang tulisan-tulisan catatan perjalanan, Anda perlu mendapatkan buku Stephanie Elizondo Griest: The Best Women Travel Writing 2010, atau buku James O’Reilly et.al: The Best Travel Writing 2010, atau buku Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas: Ekspedisi Jejak Peradaban NTT. Ketiga buku ini sedikit contoh yang mudah diikuti.

Kedua, jurnalisme sastrawi (literary journalism). Jurnalisme sastrawi adalah suatu bentuk nonfiksi yang menggabungkan pelaporan faktual dengan teknik naratif dan strategi gaya yang secara tradisional diasosiasikan dengan fiksi. Ia juga dikenal sebagai nonfiksi kreatif (creative nonfiction).

Dalam karya jurnalisme sastrawi, hakikatnya ia adalah fakta, dan itulah titik beratnya—namun penyampaiannya bersifat sastrawi (menggunakan diksi-diksi sastra yang estetik). Fakta dinarasikan sedemikian rupa sehingga pembaca, jika tidak waspada, akan menyimpulkan bahwa karya yang dibacanya adalah karya fiksi, padahal itu karya jurnalistik.

Ada beberapa contoh buku jurnalistik sastrawi yang bisa Anda telusuri, yakni buku Truman Capote: In Cold Blood (1965/2017),  buku Tom Wolfe: The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (1968/2008), buku Joseph Mitchell: Up in the Old Habel and Other Stories (1992), atau buku Mark Newzil & Norman Sims: Canoes (A Natural History in North America) (2016).

Dalam hal ini, Anda jangan kaget. Ketika membaca buku-buku tersebut, mungkin saja Anda menganggapnya sebagai buku fiksi atau novel. Bahasanya indah, penyajiannya naratif dengan dialog sana-sini. Meski demikian, itu bukan fiksi atau novel, melainkan karya jurnalistik sastrawi. Anda penasaran? Silakan dapatkan buku-buku itu dan nikmati isinya.

Ada pengalaman kecil. Entah tahun berapa saya lupa, ada mahasiswa menulis proposal skripsi—bukan bimbingan saya. Dia membahas suatu topik yang menarik dari buku karya jurnalistik sastrawai yang dia kira sebuah novel. Lalu, saya sampaikan bahwa buku yang akan bahas dalam skripsi tu adalah karya jurnalistik sastrawi. Saya tunjukkan buktinya, siapa penulis buku itu, yang ternyata adalah seorang jurnalis dari sebuah media di Amerika. Semula dia terkejut dan menyesal. Namun, akhirnya mahasiswa itu memahaminya, dan siap berganti topik bahasan.

Ketiga, berkembangnya genre-genre baru. Belakangan ini telah hadir genre-genre tulisan baru di kalangan penulis, yang diciptakan oleh sejumlah penulis. Anda mengenal pentigraf (cerpen tiga paragraf), flash fiction, cermin (cerita mini) atau fiksi mini, puisi 2.0, dan sebagainya. Kehadiran genre-genre baru itu menambah wawasan bagi penulis. Anda tinggal memilih saja mana yang cocok untuk kita pelajari dan tekuni dengan sungguh-sungguh.

Contoh-contoh tulisan semacam ini akhir-akhir ini menghuni dan berseliweran secara masif di grup-grup WhatsApp yang terdiri atas para penulis dari berbagai kalangan. Kebanyakan mereka masih sedang mempelajarinya, meski ada pula yang sudah menguasainya dengan baik. Bahkan tidak sedikit buku yang sudah berhasil diterbitkannya. Dengan demikian, tidak sulit menemukan karya-karya seperti itu.

Pertanyaannya, apakah signifikansinya dunia menulis kreatif bagi para penulis? Pada satu sisi, ini merupakan peluang bagi para penulis untuk menulis lebih banyak genre yang menjadi tren dewasa ini. Pada sisi lainnya, Anda sebagai penulis juga tertantang untuk menguasai lebih banyak genre tulisan.

Mengapa penulis perlu menguasai lebih banyak genre tulisan? Semakin banyak genre tulisan yang dikuasai, semakin mudah bagi penulis untuk menentukan genre apa yang tepat untuk mewadahi inspirasi/ide menulis. Inspirasi/ide menulis lah yang mencari bentuk (genre) tulisan, dan bukan sebaliknya.

Mudahan-mudahan catatan singkat ini memberikan manfaat sebanyak-banyaknya bagi sahabat penulis sekalian. Memang, apa pun bisa dijadikan bahan menulis, namun semua itu hanya akan jadi bahan belaka ketika penulis tidak menindak-lanjutinya dengan menulisnya ke dalam genre yang tepat. Inspirasi/ide yang sempurna bukan hanya di dalam angan, melainkan yang selesai diketik dan dibagikan kepada pembaca.

Gresik, 30 September 20234

Author: admin

MUCH. KHOIRI adalah dosen Kajian Budaya/Sastra dan Creative Writing, sponsor literasi, blogger, certified editor & writer 79 buku dari Unesa. Di antaranya "Kitab Kehidupan" (2021) dan "Menjerat Teror(isme): Eks Napiter Bicara, Keluarga Bersaksi" (2022), Menyuarakan Creative (Nonfiction) Writing dari Ruang Ketiga (2024)

27 thoughts on “Dunia Menulis Kreatif yang Semakin Luas”

  1. Astuti says:

    Catatan dari satu telaahan yang ada di dunia tulis menulis saat ini. Kesimpulannya, Mari kita menulis dan membaca.

    1. admin says:

      Terima kasih atas tanggapannya, bu hajjah

  2. Mukminin says:

    Terima kasih, sy tetap semangat belajar berbagai genre dati berbagai kumunitas dan pakar. Terima kasih Abah Khoiri

    1. admin says:

      Matur nuwun, Abah, atas komentar ini. Semoga sehat selalu

  3. Telly D says:

    Terima kasih mari terus belajar berbagai gebre🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

    1. admin says:

      Sama2 terima kasih. Mari belajar banyak genre

  4. Sri Rahayu says:

    Tidak mudah untuk menulis sebuah ide, tapi juga tidak berarti sulit untuk menulis…Tinggal niatnya saja nggih Master…Matur nuwun pencerahannya…

    1. admin says:

      Inggih siap, sami2

  5. Sumintarsih- says:

    Sangat bermanfaat Pak. Terima kasih….

    1. admin says:

      Sami2, bu Mien. Selamat berkarya

  6. N. Mimin Rukmini says:

    Luar biasa! Terimakasih Pak Prof! Sungguh bermanfaat! Siap belajar, menulis, menulis, dan menulis! Bismillah

    1. admin says:

      Bismillah, semoga terus berkarya.

  7. Supardi Harun says:

    Sebuah paparan yang kaya akan pengetahuan. Terima kasih pak

    1. admin says:

      Siap, terima kasih, Pak. Sehat selalu nggih

  8. Florentina Winarti says:

    Menyemangati, luar biasa…

    1. admin says:

      Terima kasih, Bu Flo.

  9. Hariyanto says:

    Semangat Oktober memang perlu dirawat hingga siap menjadi tulisan. Salam literasi Abah dan seluruh pembaca

    1. admin says:

      Betul sekali. Sehat selalu

  10. Mamuk SMPA says:

    Sungguh sangat menambah wawasan kepenulisan bagi setiap pembaca dan mengembangkannya.
    Mksh Bapak Dosen Emko yang sangat saya hormati. Salam takzim 😍😍🙏

    1. admin says:

      Terima kasih banyak, Mas Mamuk, telah berkenan mampir dan memberikan komentar

  11. Saskya Damaniar says:

    Terimakasih atas wawasan barunya Bapak Khoiri. Sejatinya, saya sebagai pembaca yang memiliki keinginan untuk menulis karya masih kesulitan dalam menuangkan pikiran serta ide dalam sajak. Namun, saya meyakini bahwa mungkin suatu hari akan ada sajak yang dapat saya coretkan pada lembar buku saya. Sekali lagi, Terimakasih atas ilmu dan wawasannya Bapak Khoiri, saya menunggu karya-karya bapak selanjutnya.

    1. admin says:

      Mantaps, mudah2an sajak2 itu segera bisa saya baca dan nikmati.

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    Nitrogen is a critical part of muscle tissue, and retaining more nitrogen creates an anabolic setting throughout the body.
    Trenbolone increases nitrogen retention, serving to the body stay in a
    growth-focused state, which is crucial for muscle preservation and growth.

    The concept that anabolic steroids can scale
    back sexual perform is a standard one, and it is true that some steroids can have negative effects on sexual function.
    In reality, research have proven that trenbolone increases the chance of testicular atrophy by
    up to 66%, making this drug a risky alternative for anybody involved about their
    long-term health. That said, some folks could additionally be extra prone
    to unwanted effects than others. If you may be involved in regards to the potential risks, it is
    best to begin out with a lower dose and work your way up.
    Trenbolone is commonly stacked with other steroids to find a way to create a stronger and effective cycle.
    However, it is potential to take Trenbolone alone in case you are cautious about managing the dangers of unwanted effects.

    By preserving the cycle relatively short, customers can minimize the
    dangers of those side effects and give their our bodies time
    to recuperate after the cycle has ended. Some bodybuilders will take up to 200 mg per day, but you will need to keep in mind that the dangers of unwanted side effects also enhance
    with dosage.
    Nevertheless, some have reported issues of decreased
    cardiovascular endurance when using Tren, and this can keep some athletes from using it.
    Many will be succesful of use the hormone without any adverse impact
    on cardiovascular endurance. All who use Trenbolone Enanthate,
    particularly within the low season must also discover their strength greatly increases.
    Even at upkeep calorie ranges energy will increase must be significant.
    During a calorie deficit, particularly when the person turns into very lean, a rise in power
    shouldn’t be anticipated.
    Parabolan is a steroid that’s more suited to a minimum of intermediate-level
    steroid customers, and you’ll think about running it for
    an extended 12-week cycle for bulking or cutting. Masteron will always be a milder and
    simpler steroid to use than Trenbolone. Each will preserve strength ranges,
    but Trenbolone will do this more powerfully than Masteron.
    In this text, we’ll dive into the query, “Does Tren make you tired? ” and
    provide a complete clarification of the potential causes
    and options for fatigue whereas using Tren. It also can enhance power ranges, allowing users to
    carry heavier weights and carry out better in training or competitions.
    When it involves muscle boosting, many athletes swear by
    Tren for its powerful outcomes. With its ability to
    elevate bodybuilding with Clostebol’s edge, many are
    finding it to be just as effective, if not more so, than traditional muscle-boosting choices.

    Apart From its fat-loss properties, Tren is distinguished by its proficiency in muscle preservation. This
    steroid has a knack for binding to catabolic hormone receptors, thus heading off muscle loss, particularly
    when athletes are working underneath calorie-deficit situations.

    Analysis has shown that 20 mg/day of Accutane is a
    extremely effective and safe remedy for moderate-to-severe acne (1).
    There can be evidence that Accutane possesses long-term
    results, serving to to forestall acne breakouts sooner or later.
    Progesterone basically mimics the consequences of high estrogen levels, with progestins having a stimulatory
    effect on tissue in the mammary glands. Due to its versatility, trenbolone may be efficiently utilized during cutting
    or bulking cycles, making it one of the most aesthetically pleasing AAS available
    on the market.
    If you are planning on using trenbolone, it is very
    important concentrate on these potential unwanted aspect effects and take steps to stop them from
    happening. The severity of side effects may also
    depend upon the dosage and cycle size. A typical trenbolone cycle consists
    of dosages starting from 150 to 225 mg/week in an 8- to 10-week cycle.
    Excessive visceral fats ranges could cause a bloated or protruding look to the midsection, even if
    a person has a low level of subcutaneous physique fats.

    References:

    where do you buy steroids (output.jsbin.com)

  15. Minerva says:

    This thoughtful approach is indicative of a
    continued emphasis on warning, at the same time as customers progress to extra
    prolonged cycles. The major goal for female customers throughout this intermediate
    stage is to strike a balance between attaining desired outcomes
    and ensuring the maintenance of a protected and efficient
    dosage vary. Anavar, also recognized by its generic name Oxandrolone, is a popular
    anabolic steroid that has gained recognition for its numerous benefits on the earth of health
    and bodybuilding. In this comprehensive guide, we are going to delve into varied elements of Anavar, together with its availability, pricing, and the place to
    acquire it legally and safely. In Contrast To many anabolic brokers, Anavar has a relatively gentle aspect effect profile, making it a viable possibility for each women and men.
    It minimizes the danger of widespread androgenic effects, similar
    to extreme hair growth or voice deepening in women, whereas still delivering noticeable benefits in energy and body composition.
    Greatest outcomes when used in conjunction with a regular
    workout plan and proper diet.
    From bodybuilders to endurance-athletes, whenever you buy Anavar from our website, it’ll offer an prolonged record of advantages, for each males and females.
    Oxandrolone(Anavar) is fast-acting, and has a high bioavailability, that means only a small percentage of the substance is not absorbed into the systemic
    circulation. Oxandrolone(Anavar) is the only oral anabolic-androgenic steroid(AAS) that’s primarily metabolized
    by the kidneys, and never by the liver. This makes Oxandrolone(Anavar)’s hepatotoxicity nearly none, even at excessive doses,
    and has the lowest hepatotoxicity of all oral anabolic-androgenic
    steroids(AAS). For slicing cycles, where the primary aim is to reduce back physique fat whereas preserving lean muscle mass, a typical
    Anavar dosage for males ranges from 50 to 80 milligrams (mg) per day.

    It will rely in giant part on how you eat, what your diet consumption is, how exhausting
    you practice. Most customers of Anavar find they will improve muscle dimension, muscle voume, and general power.
    Prospects who take Anavar report more muscle fullness and muscle pumps, and
    elevated protein synthesis.
    The effects of oxandrolone on the expansion hormone and gonadal axes in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty.
    (2) Schimrigk, Häusler, G., Blümel, P., Plöchl, E.,
    Waldhör, T., & Frisch, H. This is more widespread with Instagram fashions
    or individuals frequently showing on journal covers.
    There is excessive stress on these people to constantly look in wonderful situation, so they make the most of Anavar as someone would with testosterone
    on TRT (testosterone substitute therapy).

    We have discovered that valerian root dietary supplements may be effective for delicate
    insomnia, decreasing the time taken to fall asleep and the quality of sleep (36, 37).
    In one examine, members reached sleep 36% quicker after a single dose of valerian (38).

    Anavar, like other anabolic steroids, can have an effect on levels of cholesterol.

    It might lead to a discount in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ldl cholesterol (considered “good” cholesterol) and a rise in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (considered “bad” cholesterol).
    The product’s safety is obvious in its widespread
    acceptance amongst athletes, bodybuilders, and celebrities.
    To sidestep potential side effects, it is important to adhere to the really helpful dosage
    and carefully monitor particular person reactions. Taking Part in steroid cycles leads to notable shifts within the body’s hormone levels.

    Many of the blokes in our team – the athletes who’ve been able to build a wholesome urge for food,
    improve shallowness and attraction to the other intercourse – and all
    this with the help of steroids. Our store offers the one examined model, has earned the
    praise of the most well-liked athletes on the earth.
    The composition of steroids consists of peptides, stimulants,
    hormones, Masteron, natural supplements that improve appetite.
    Massive selection permits you to choose an appropriate course for each particular person no matter gender.
    Our store steroids UK cares about its customers, their
    privateness, and due to this fact relies on the private service that every buyer feel particular and distinctive.
    In conclusion, Anavar is a well-liked anabolic steroid among both female and male users
    as a result of its relatively delicate nature and decrease threat of unwanted facet effects compared to different steroids.

    When it involves utilizing Anavar for bodybuilding, there are
    some things you want to remember in order to get essentially the most out of your cycle.
    First, you have to just be sure you are taking the correct dosage in your physique weight and
    experience stage. You also have to make sure that you are spacing
    out your doses evenly all through the day, and that you are
    not taking them too close together. Additionally, you
    will want to just ensure you are eating a healthy diet and
    getting plenty of relaxation while you’re on Anavar. Steroids have
    been shown to alterhormonal levels, a truth that’s unknown to many beginning athletes.
    They haveactive ingredients that inhibit the body’s regular production of testosterone,and as a result, they scale back
    testosterone levels. To fight this, medicalprofessionals suggest the usage of drugs that control ranges of progestin andestradiol.

    When you consume this dietary supplement, the 5-alpha reductase enzyme converts it to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

    Permitting your muscle tissue to carry extra nitrogen could assist you to produce more protein. If you’ve greater
    muscle mass, you burn extra calories whenever you exercise.

    Since Anavar begins working quickly, you’ll have a good suggestion of whether you’re responding to this low dose early.
    Whereas Anavar has delicate natural testosterone suppression effects, it hardly ever totally suppresses or even suppresses at half the natural levels.
    Hence, the decrease in SHBG is still extremely useful regardless of your
    testosterone levels when utilizing this steroid.
    Undertaking a strict calorie-deficit food plan puts you at danger of muscle catabolism and dropping power.

    Some girls would possibly want to go additional and add one other two weeks to the cycle whereas growing the dosage for those ultimate
    two weeks as a lot as 20mg daily, but monitor for any potential side
    effects. Lean muscle features will range considerably among girls, but over a 6-week cycle,
    some females can see glorious positive aspects
    of as much as 5-10lbs, even while shedding some body fats.
    Testosterone Enanthate is a long-lasting ester that can be used for a
    12-week cycle alongside Anavar. This is
    not a concern for women who can proceed with an Anavar-only cycle
    at the beneficial 10mg every day dose. Most cycles will utilize testosterone past the 8-week Anavar cycle length,
    extending to 12 weeks with testosterone earlier than starting post-cycle remedy.
    Diet and current body weight will decide how far your fats loss can go, but a 5lbs lack of fats over a
    cycle when you’re already lean will improve the physique.

    References:

    what happens when you stop using steroids, Minerva,

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